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Ion Implantation Ranges

The radioactive ion beam is implanted into the solid sample under study in a random way, i.e. the ions will stop randomly with some distribution of depths determined by the ion mass and energy, the density and composition (and to a small extent the structure) of the sample material. The distribution is characterized by a "mean stopping range". - range straggling

To employ βNMR as a depth sensitive magnetic probe it is important to establish the ranging properties of the beam. Monte Carlo codes are available to simulate the stopping process, but they are largely untested at these low energies (below 30keV).

Another important aspect of the implantation of low energy ions in solids is the possibility of backscattering.